Associate Professor
Chemistry & Biochemistry

Bala Ramjee

757-683-3039

1000I CHEMISTRY BUILDING 4501 ELKHORN AVE
NORFOLK, 23529

Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute Of Science, (2001)

M.S. in Chemical Sciences (Organic Chemistry), Indian Institute of Science, (1997)

B.S. in Chemistry, Loyola College, University of Madras, (1994)

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Ramjee, B. "TAILORABLE CATIONIZATION OF CITRATE STABILIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES" $1,250. Other. July 1, 2024 - June 30, 2025
Namkoong, G., Ramjee, B. and Marsillac, S. "Investigation of the stability and architecture of perovskite solar cells using new polymer complexes" $25,000. 91ÖÆƬ³§. April 15, 2019 - April 14, 2020
Ramjee, B. and Elsayed-Ali, H. "Highly-Transmissive Colored Coatings for Architectural Photovoltaic Panels" $100,000. State. July 1, 2018 - December 31, 2019
Namkoong, G., Elsayed-Ali, H., Marsillac, S., Ramjee, B. and Yoon, H. "MRI Consortium: Acquisition of a Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting System for multidisciplinary research and education" $147,000. Federal. September 1, 2014 - August 31, 2017
Ramjee, B., Sakhel, K., Osgood, C. J., Swanson, R., Qian, S., Gauthier, D. and Lukban, J. "Robust, multifunctional, bio-compatible nanocapsules for intraoperative imaging and other biomedical applications" $56,572. 91ÖÆƬ³§. January 1, 2011 - December 31, 2011
Ramjee, B. "91ÖÆƬ³§ Summer Research Fellowship Program" $6,950. 91ÖÆƬ³§. May 2008 - 2008

Expertise

Chemistry
organic chemistry, synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials and nanocapsules

Research Interests

Dr. Ramjee’s research group synthesizes and characterizes inorganic/organic nanocapsules (containers of nanoscale dimensions) for uses as bio-imaging agents, drug delivery vehicles, nano-reactors, sensors, and catalysts.

Articles

Ramjee, B., Allmon, S. MD. and Mahadevan, K. (2017). Fluorescent dye loaded resorcinarene cavitand nanocapsules. American Chemical Society 254 (1).
Skinner, A. V., Han, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2017). Rapid selective colorimetric sensing of polyphosphates by ionic resorcinarene cavitand interdigitated gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical , pp. 706-712.
Mahadevan, K., Patthipati, V. S., Han, S., Swanson, R. J., Whelan, E. C., Osgood, C. and Balasubramanian, R. (2016). Highly fluorescent resorcinarene cavitand nanocapsules with efficient renal clearance. Nanotechnology.
Han, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2014). Multidentate Ionic Surfactant Mediated Extraction and Dispersion of Gold Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Langmuir 30 (30) , pp. 9063-9070.
Han, S., Sheela, V. Prasad., Cao, W. and Balasubramanian, R. (2013). Brust-Schiffrin synthesis of catalytic bipodal PdPt nanoparticles with some mechanistic insights. Rsc Advances 3 (22) , pp. 8551-8558.
Balasubramanian, R., Han, S. and Chamberlayne, C. (2013). Direct synthesis of hollow polymeric nanocapsules of variable shell thickness and rigidity. Rsc Advances 3 (29) , pp. 11525-11528.
Han, S., Chamberlayne, C. and Balasubramanian, R. (2012). Hollow polymeric nanocapsules with tunable rigidity by thiol-ene photopolymerization. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 243.
Balasubramanian, R., Han, S. and Sheela, V. Prasad. (2012). Multidentate ligand stabilized metallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, mechanistic implications and applications. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 243.
Balasubramanian, R., Mahadevan, K., Prayakarao, S. and Han, S. (2012). Resorcinarene nanocapsules: Synthesis, functionalization, and encapsulation. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 243.
Balasubramanian, R., Prayakarao, S., Han, S. and Cao, W. (2012). Tunable gold nanostructures with nanocapsules as template reaction vessels. Rsc Advances 2 (31) , pp. 11668-11671.
Sheela, V. Prasad., Xiao, W., Han, S., Zhou, X., Albin, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2011). Aminocavitand encapsulated nanodiamonds: Phase-transfer, dispersion and applications in diamond film growth. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 241.
Sheela, V. Prasad., Xiao, W., Han, S., Zhou, X., Albin, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2011). Resorcinarene amine stabilized nanodiamond dispersions in organic solvents: applications in diamond film growth. Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 (17) , pp. 6395-6400.
Prayakarao, S., Han, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (2011). Synthesis, self-assembly and dimensional control of metallic nanostructures using polymer templates. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 241.
Balasubramanian, R. and Kalaitzis, Z. M.. (2010). One-pot synthesis and functionalization of resorcinarene nanocapsules. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 239.
Choi, J., Fields-Zinna, C. A.., Stiles, R. L.., Balasubramanian, R., Douglas, A. D.., Crowe, M. C.. and Murray, R. W.. (2010). Reactivity of Au-25(SCH2CH2Ph)(18) (1-) Nanoparticles with Metal Ions. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 (38) , pp. 15890-15896.
Balasubramanian, R., Kalaitzis, Z. M.. and Cao, W. (2010). Solvent dependent morphologies in thiol-ene photopolymerization: A facile route to the synthesis of resorcinarene nanocapsules. Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (31) , pp. 6539-6543.
Stiles, R. L.., Balasubramanian, R., Feldberg, S. W.. and Murray, R. W.. (2008). Anion-induced adsorption of ferrocenated nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130 (6) , pp. 1856-1865.
Wang, W., Balasubramanian, R. and Murray, R. W.. (2008). Electron Transport and Counterion Relaxation Dynamics in Neat Ferrocenated Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112 (46) , pp. 18207-18216.
Dass, A., Guo, R., Tracy, J. B.., Balasubramanian, R., Douglas, A. D.. and Murray, R. W.. (2008). Gold nanoparticles with perfluorothiolate ligands. Langmuir 24 (1) , pp. 310-315.
Dass, A., Gao, R., Balasubramanian, R., Douglas, A. D.., Tracy, J. B.. and Murray, R. W.. (2007). COLL 270-Fluorinated gold thiolate nanoparticles by Brust synthesis and ligand exchange. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 234.
Tracy, J. B.., Crowe, M. C.., Fields-Zinna, C. A.., Parker, J. F.., Kalyuzhny, G., Menard, L. D.., Balasubramanian, R., Choi, J., Nuzzo, R. G.. and Murray, R. W.. (2007). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of gold monolayer protected clusters with atomic precision. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 233.
Balasubramanian, R., Kwon, Y. and Wei, A. (2007). Encapsulation and functionalization of nanoparticles in crosslinked resorcinarene shells. Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 (1) , pp. 105-112.
Wolfe, R. L.., Balasubramanian, R., Tracy, J. B.. and Murray, R. W.. (2007). Fully ferrocenated hexanethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters. Langmuir 23 (4) , pp. 2247-2254.
Tracy, J. B.., Kalyuzhny, G., Crowe, M. C.., Balasubramanian, R., Choi, J. and Murray, R. W.. (2007). Poly(ethylene glycol) ligands for high-resolution nanoparticle mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 (21) , pp. 6706-+.
Balasubramanian, R., Wang, W. and Murray, R. W.. (2006). Redox ionic liquid phases: Ferrocenated imidazoliums. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (31) , pp. 9994-9995.
Balasubramanian, R., Guo, R., Mills, A. J.. and Murray, R. W.. (2005). Reaction of Au-55(PPh3)(12)Cl-6 with thiols yields thiolate monolayer protected Au-75 clusters. Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (22) , pp. 8126-8132.
Kim, B., Balasubramanian, R., Perez-Segarra, W., Wei, A., Decker, B. and Mattay, J. (2005). Self-assembly of resorcinarene-stabilized gold nanoparticles: Influence of the macrocyclic headgroup. Supramolecular Chemistry 17 (1-2) , pp. 173-180.
Balasubramanian, R., Kim, B., Tripp, S. L.., Wang, X. J.., Lieberman, M. and Wei, A. (2002). Dispersion and stability studies of resorcinarene-encapsulated gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 18 (9) , pp. 3676-3681.
Sangeetha, N. M.., Balasubramanian, R., Maitra, U., Ghosh, S. and Raju, A. R.. (2002). Novel cationic and neutral analogues of bile acids: Synthesis and preliminary study of their aggregation properties. Langmuir 18 (19) , pp. 7154-7157.
Balasubramanian, R. and Maitra, U. (2001). Design and synthesis of novel chiral dendritic species derived from bile acids. Journal of Organic Chemistry 66 (9) , pp. 3035-3040.
Balasubramanian, R., Xu, J., Kim, B., Sadtler, B. and Wei, A. (2001). Extraction and dispersion of large gold nanoparticles in nonpolar solvents. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 22 (5) , pp. 485-489.
Wei, A., Kim, B., Pusztay, S. V.., Tripp, S. L.. and Balasubramanian, R. (2001). Resorcinarene-encapsulated nanoparticles: Building blocks for self-assembled nanostructures. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 41 (1-4) , pp. 83-86.
Wei, A., Pusztay, S. V.., Kim, B., Tripp, S. L.. and Balasubramanian, R. (2001). Resorcinarene-encapsulated nanoparticles: Materials properties and applications. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 222 , pp. U524-U524.
Balasubramanian, R., Rao, P. and Maitra, U. (1999). First bile acid-derived chiral dendritic species with nanometric dimensions. Chemical Communications (23) , pp. 2353-2354.
Maitra, U., Rao, P., Kumar, V., Balasubramanian, R. and Mathew, L. (1998). Solvent effect in molecular recognition: Determining binding constants in different solvents following an extraction based protocol. Tetrahedron Letters 39 (20) , pp. 3255-3258.

Book Chapters

Ramjee, B. (2017). Role of ligands in the synthesis of bi- and multi-metallic nanocrystals Nanoscience (pp. 1-28) Royal Society of Chemistry.
Ramjee, B. and Kalaitzis, Z. M.. (2011). Template-Free Synthesis and in Situ Functionalization of Nanocapsules Amphiphiles: Molecular Assembly and Applications (pp. 263-276).

Presentations

Bruno, C. Abeina. and Ramjee, B. (April 5, 2021). Hollow TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalysts for organic reactions Poster 261st ACS National Meeting .
Bruno, C. and Ramjee, B. (March 20, 2021). Hollow TiO2nanoparticles as photocatalysts for organic reactions Oral Presentation 13th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium 91ÖÆƬ³§.
Johnson, M. Elliott., Allmon, S. and Ramjee, B. (April , 2019). Chiral functionalization of resorcinarene cavitand nanocapsules Poster 257th ACS National Meeting & Exposition Orlando, FL, United States.
Lohr, M., Benedict, A. and Ramjee, B. (April , 2019). Nanoprecipitation of functionalized resorcinarenes Poster 257th ACS National Meeting & Exposition Orlando, FL, United States.
Johnston, S. Andrew., Allmon, S. and Balasubramanian, R. (March , 2018). Thiol-​ene photopolymerization of functionalized resorcinarene cavitand thiols Poster 255th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition New Orleans, LA.
Ramjee, B., Allmon, S. and Mahadevan, K. (August , 2017). Fluorescent dye loaded resorcinarene cavitand nanocapsules Oral Presentation 254th ACS National Meeting & Exposition Washington DC.
Allmon, S., Mahadevan, K. and Ramjee, B. (August , 2017). Solvent mediated dye encapsulation into resorcinarene cavitand nanocapsules Poster 254th ACS National Meeting & Exposition Washington DC.
Benedict, A., Skinner, A. and Ramjee, B. (April , 2017). Palladium complexes of multidentate resorcinarene surfactants Poster 253rd ACS National Meeting & Exposition San Francisco, CA.
(September , 2015). Resorcinareses and Nanomaterials: Applications in Phase-transfer, Sensing, Catalysis, Imaging, and More Oral Presentation .
Skinner, A. V.., Han, S. and Ramjee, B. (October , 2014). Colorimetric detection of pyrophosphate using resorcinarene functionalized gold nanoparticles Poster 66th Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society Nashville, TN.
Ramjee, B. and Han, S. (October , 2014). Ionic resorcinarene surfactant stabilized gold nanoparticles Oral Presentation 66th Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society Nashville, TN.
Ramjee, B. (September , 2013). Resorcinarenes for Stabilization and Self-Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles Oral Presentation .
Ramjee, B. (September , 2012). Resorcinarenes as Nanoscale Building Blocks and Nanoparticle Stabilizers: Applications in Catalysis, in Vivo Imaging and More… Oral Presentation .
Ramjee, B., Han, S. and Sheela, V. (March , 2012). Multidentate ligand stabilized metallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, mechanistic implications and applications Oral Presentation 243rd American Chemical Society National Meeting San Diego, CA.
Ramjee, B., Mahadevan, K., Prayakarao, S. and Han, S. (March , 2012). Resorcinarene nanocapsules: Synthesis, functionalization, and encapsulation Oral Presentation 243rd American Chemical Society National Meeting San Diego, CA.
Xiao, W., Zhou, X., Yost, S., Ramjee, B. and Albin, S. (July , 2011). A Novel Nano-Diamond Patterning Technique Using Selective Nucleation and Growth Oral Presentation 19th Annual International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering Shanghai, China .
Ramjee, B. (May , 2011). Fabrication and Functionalization of Hollow Polymeric Nanocapsules Oral Presentation Eastern Virginia Medical School.
Sheela, V., Xiao, W., Han, S., Zhou, X., Albin, S. and Ramjee, B. (March , 2011). Aminocavitand encapsulated nanodiamonds: Phase-transfer, dispersion and applications in diamond film growth Poster 241st American Chemical Society National Meeting Anaheim, CA.
Prayakarao, S., Han, S. and Ramjee, B. (March , 2011). Synthesis, self-assembly and dimensional control of metallic nanostructures using polymer templates Oral Presentation 241st American Chemical Society National Meeting Anaheim, CA.
Ramjee, B. (October , 2010). Polymeric Resorcinarene Nanocapsules and Nanostructures: Synthesis, Functionalization and Encapsulation Oral Presentation George Mason University, VA.
Ramjee, B. and Kalaitzis, Z. (March , 2010). One-pot synthesis and functionalization of resorcinarene nanocapsules 239th American Chemical Society National Meeting San Francisco, CA.
Ramjee, B. (September 10, 2009). Resorcinarene thiols: Nanoparticle stabilizers and nanoscale building blocks Department of Chemistry, Roanoke College, VA.
Ramjee, B. (August 3, 2009). Resorcinarene thiols: Nanoparticle stabilizers and nanoscale building blocks Department of Chemistry, Central University, Hyderabad.
Ramjee, B. (July 30, 2009). Resorcinarene thiols: Nanoparticle stabilizers and nanoscale building blocks Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Ramjee, B. and Kalaitzis, Z. M. (June , 2009). Resorcinarene nanostructures: Synthesis and functionalization 41st National Organic Symposium Boulder, CO.
Choi, J., Ramjee, B. and Murray, R. W. (May , 2008). Electrochemical and optical properties of 1.1 nm-sized gold nanoparticles dissolved in the aqueous solutions 213th ECS Meeting Phoenix, AZ.
Ramjee, B. (September 21, 2007). Gold nanoparticles: sythesis, assembly, dispersion and more... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 91ÖÆƬ³§.
Dass, A., Guo, R., Ramjee, B., Douglas, A. D., Tracy, J. B. and Murray, R. W. (August , 2007). Fluorinated gold thiolate nanoparticles by Brust synthesis and ligand exchange 234th American Chemical Society National Meeting Boston, MA.
Ramjee, B., Kwon, Y. and Wei, A. (March , 2007). Crosslinking and functionalization of resorcinarene-encapsulated gold nanoparticles 233rd American Chemical Society National Meeting Chicago, IL.
Tracy, J. B., Crowe, M. C., Fields-Zinna, C. A., Parker, J. F., Kalyuzhny, G., Menard, L. D., Ramjee, B., Choi, J., Nuzzo, R. G. and Murray, R. W. (March , 2007). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of gold monolayer protected clusters with atomic precision 233rd American Chemical Society National Meeting Chicago, IL.
Wolfe, R. L., Ramjee, B., Tracy, J. B. and Murray, R. W. (February , 2007). Ferrocene-functionalized gold monolayer protected clusters as high redox capacity materials Pittsburgh Conference Chicago, IL.
Tracy, J. B., Kalyuzhny, G., Menard, L. D., Ramjee, B., Choi, J., Crowe, M. C., Nuzzo, R. G. and Murray, R. W. (September , 2006). Characterization of small Au monolayer protected clusters using electrospray mass spectrometry 232nd American Chemical Society National Meeting San Francisco, CA.
Choi, J., Ramjee, B., DeSimone, J. M. and Murray, R. W. (September , 2006). Electrochemical and photophysical properties of various Au38 nanoparticles protected by mixed-monolayer ligands 232nd American Chemical Society National Meeting San Francisco, CA.
Ramjee, B., Branham, M. R., Heaven, M. and Murray, R. W. (September , 2006). Synthesis and studies on pyrrole thiol monolayer protected gold clusters 232nd American Chemical Society National Meeting San Francisco, CA.
Guo, R., Ramjee, B. and Murray, R. W. (September , 2005). Solvent and core size effects on the electrochemistry of 1 - 2 nm gold nanoparticles 230th American Chemical Society National Meeting Washington, DC.
Ramjee, B., Guo, R., Branham, M. R., MIlls, A. and Murray, R. W. (September , 2005). Tailor-made synthesis of thiolate stabilized Au75 nanoparticles 230th American Chemical Society National Meeting Washington, DC.
Hernandez-Torres, J. M., Ramjee, B. and Wei, A. (March , 2004). Towards glycosylated nanoparticle libraries 227th American Chemical Society National Meeting Anaheim, CA.
  • 2020: Above and Beyond Faculty Award, College of Sciences Advisory Board, 91ÖÆƬ³§
  • 2018: Most inspirational faculty, given by Outstanding Graduating Senior in Biochemistry
  • 2015: Shining Star Recognition, Division of Student Engagement and Enrollment Services
  • 2013: Most Inspiring Faculty Award, Outstanding College Scholar College of Health Sciences
  • 2013: Most Inspirational Faculty Member, By Sarah Hall Awardee for Outstanding Senior Thesis
  • 2011: Special Recognition for Exceptional Departmental Service, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
  • 1998: Senior Research Fellowship, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
  • 1996: Junior Research Fellowship, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
  • 1995: Indian Institute of Science Alumni Association Scholarship, Indian Institute of Science Alumni Association
  • 1991: Golden Jubilee Scholarship, Reserve Bank of India

Organizational Chart